Second-Hand Smoke essays

Second-Hand Smoke essays In recent years, the cigarette industry has come under attack for a variety of issues, including second-hand smoke. It is important to examine the effect this second-hand smoke has on non-smokers. The use of tobacco "remains the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, causing more than 440,000 deaths each year and resulting in an annual cost of more the $75 billion in direct medical expenses. Nationally, smoking results in more than 5.6 million years of potential (tobaccofreeqc.org/adult/secondhand_smoke.shtml)." People who are exposed to secondhand smoke run the risk of dying from the third leading cause of preventable death in the United States. There are thousands of chemicals, many which are extremely toxic, released in tobacco smoke, and this smoke is the only source of most of these chemicals. "Some of the smoke is inhaled by the smoker, but a larger amount of smoke is released into the air. Two-thirds of the smoke from a cigarette is not inhaled by the smoker (tobaccofreeqc.org/adult/secondhand_smoke.shtml)." Secondhand smoke (SHS), "sometimes referred to as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), is a mixture of the smoke given off by the burning ends of a cigarette, pipe, cigar, bidis, and kreteks (sidestream smoke) and the smoke emitted at the mouthpiece and exhaled from the lungs of smokers (mainstream smoke) (cdc.gov/tobacco/>)." The smoke inhaled by the smoker contains almost the exact same chemicals as found in secondhand smoke, however, secondhand smoke may actually contain a higher chemical concentration. Secondhand smoke is composed from a "complex combination of more than 4,000 chemicals, and includes irritants and systemic poisons such as hydrogen cyanide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia and formaldehyde. Secondhand smoke contains "at least 250 chemicals known to be toxic or caus...

5 Signs You Might Get Fired

5 Signs You Might Get Fired Sometimes we get so comfortable in day-to-day work life that we  forget jobs today come with much less security. Rather than becoming complacent, keep yourself attuned and on the lookout for the following red flags so you can fix the problem and save your job- or at least prepare for the worst by looking for a new one. SEE ALSO:  10 Signs It’s Time to Quit Your Job1. You’re out of the loopWhether it’s the most recent report on company profits or just the details of the next co-worker happy hour, if you find yourself not getting as much or the same quality intel as your colleagues, that might be a sign you’re being phased out. Particularly watch for your managers or bosses changing the subject from company matters when you enter the conversation.2. Your workload is lesseningAre some of your projects getting passed along to newer hires or to people down the ladder? Do you find yourself getting tasked with duties you’ve not done in months or years? When your responsibilities start to shrink, that’s a good sign your position will, too.3. Management is changingEvery time a company shakes up its structure, chances are a few jobs will be lost. Be vigilant at times of restructuring and rebranding to make sure you’re being considered for the newer outlook.4. You’ve made mistakesEven one mistake- if big enough- can cost you your job. But if you haven’t done anything drastic like fraud or passing company secrets to competitors, it’s still possible that you’re making small mistakes and might be considered a liability. The best solution here is to always own your errors and take immediate, proactive steps to minimize the damage. The rest is up to your boss.5. They sent you on vacationForced furloughs or compulsory vacations are one way your bosses can get you out of the office if they’re thinking about firing you and need to prepare a case- or sometimes just to see how vital your role ac tually is. If your boss asks you to take vacation, that might be a good time to have an honest and upfront conversation about where you stand. Better to know the truth; then you can spend your holiday looking for another job!

Supply chain management - Operation management Essay - 1

Supply chain management - Operation management - Essay Example The aggregate planning is often shared with the supply chain partners since it has a great impact on the supply chain. All the stages within the supply chain ought to work hand in hand in order to improve the supply chain performance. This is quite essential because it would help synchronize the flow of operations throughout the supply chain (Boyer & Verma, 2009). The information that would be better shared with the supply chain partners is the vendor managed inventory because vendors are known to undertake the duty of planning on behalf of the trading partners. My main reason for such a decision is to minimize the safety stock as a buffer on the vendor side due to the uncertainty in demand as well as minimize the safety stock on the consumer side due to uncertainty in supply (Liu & Kumar, 2003). The supply chains partners will have to ensure that there is collaboration between the overtime, inventory holding and the subcontractors. In case the aggregated plan is not achieved, a special handling process ought to be adopted so that the process of production is not slowed down, but met as anticipated within the six months. Strategic sourcing is, as well, information that ought to be shared herein. Since the production of tankloads involves a chain of suppliers, sourcing becomes a complex match making procedure. The combined process of efforts from subcontractors, working overtime and the inventory holdings varies in its structure from chronological sharing. The success in information sharing throughout the supply chain, starting from demand forecast to order fulfilment, will see the Bottling Company minimise costs using this production

A short story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A short story - Essay Example In fact, Jenna only left the orphanage when she aged out. She was one of the unlucky few who never did find that special family to adopt her even when she paraded before them like an abandoned puppy at the animal shelter. Jenna and Irma were kindred spirits in a way. Both felt that they did not have any family in the world. Irma because her nephew whom she told Jenna lived in the next town and had little or no time to visit her and Jenna because she simply had none. Little did Jenna know that meeting Irma would one change her humdrum life in more ways than one. It was a dehydrating hot July Friday night where Jenna came home from work with a box of pizza and a bowl of Chicken Cesar Salad to share with her neighbor. It was customary for her to head directly for Irmas flat and use the key that had been previously given to her by the old lady to let herself in. Stucky, the dog greeted her at the door. But not with her usual happy whining and wagging tail. The dog seemed disturbed tonight. She barked incessantly and lightly scratched at Jenna the minute she appeared at the door. â€Å"What is it Stucky?† she asked as if the dog could answer her. â€Å"Let me set these things down on the table first.† Jenna almost tripped over the dog who continued to block her path. â€Å"Irma, dinners ready...† she called out towards the open bedroom door. Five minutes later the table was ready but there was still no sign of Irma. â€Å"Irma, the foods getting cold...† she called out yet again. She finally noticed the dog once agai n who was now pulling on her skirt tails. â€Å"Alright Stucky, alright, do you want to go out?† she asked. The dog ran towards the open bedroom door and barked impatiently. â€Å"Is something wrong with Irma?† Jenna asked with a sense of apprehension in her voice. Quickly entering the room she saw the old lady passed out on the floor, her medication bottle seemed to have rolled out of

Happy Days Essay Example for Free

Happy Days Essay Remember that old television show Happy Days?† Well, when I was in the fifth grade I remember thinking, My family is like ‘Happy Days’. We were happy and there was plenty of laughter and love to go around. Furthermore, like the television show, there were plenty of struggles and some kind of dilemma to solve before the night was over. No matter the problems the day may have brought, I always went to bed feeling happy, safe, and loved. Unlike the majority of kids in my fifth-grade class with broken homes, I just knew that my parents would be together forever. After reading Bradshaw on: The Family by John Bradshaw, I can see now that I may not have had a perfect family. My mom and dad got married in 1962 when she was just 16 and my dad was 23. She was in high school and he was in the Marines when they met, fell in love, and got married. My dad got out of the Marines just before the Vietnam War and went to work for Union Pacific Railroad. They were married two years before they decided to start having kids. My brother Shawn was born first, then me, and last but definitely not least, my little brother Bobby. We were all two years apart. We grew up in a small house on five acres out in the country. There, my mom had plenty of room for her horses and my dad had plenty of room to groom my brothers into great athletes and dirt bike racers. We were like the average all-American family. We were taught to be proud of our country, to respect our elders and to do as we were told. We enjoyed sports, picnics, the drive-in movies, walks on the beach and trips to Disneyland. We would get together with family friends to barbeque every Fourth of July and set off fireworks. We went camping every summer. We flew kites in March when the wind would start to blow and waited up for Santa to come every Christmas Eve. We watched the ball drop with Dick Clark on television every New Years Eve. Sometimes on the weekends my parents spent time with friends playing cards and dancing while us kids played board games and watched movies in another room. As far as we knew or were concerned, we were the perfect family. In his younger days, my dad looked just like Buddy Holly. He was passionate, loving and hot tempered but would do anything for anyone. He never met a stranger and went out of his way to make a friend wherever he went. He was that guy whom the neighbors would seek out if they needed help with something. My mom was beautiful. She looked like a cross between Sophia Lauren and Jackie Onassis. She had a great sense of humor, was easy going, mild-mannered and could be very stubborn at times. She was nice but unlike my dad, she enjoyed keeping to herself and didnt go out of her way to talk to people. My mom and dad did argue sometimes. Dad would usually yell, but they always worked it out. They both worked hard to provide the best of everything for my brothers and myself. My parents taught us that it was important to work hard and to put pride into whatever job you may be doing, whether it be cleaning toilets or flying a plane. Do your job as if you were doing it for Jesus, is what my dad u sed to say. My dad was the kind of dad who wanted his kids to be the best at everything, especially my oldest brother Shawn. He was always one of the coaches on Shawns baseball and football teams. And of course, Shawn was a great athlete. He was a pitcher in baseball and a quarterback in football and a national champion in flat track motorcycle racing. Bobby was really the more talented of the two, but for some reason, my dad put way more time and energy into my oldest brother Shawn. Bobby was kind of over looked. He always used to tell Shawn that he had to set a good example for his brother and sister. And he did. Shawn got straight As all through school, excelled in sports, and became quite successful in his business career as a project manager in an electrical engineering firm. I can see now that my brother Shawn was encouraged to play the rigid role of â€Å"Hero.† â€Å"Another child will take the role of Saint and Hero, becoming a straight-A student, president of his class and winn ing honors. This person gives the family a sense of dignity† (Bradshaw 33). In a healthy family there may be roles being played but they are flexible and changing. It is dysfunctional for one person to play a rigid role such as â€Å"Hero† and that is what was going on with Shawn. I dont think my family was drastically dysfunctional, or that we really needed to have a hero, but for some reason, my dad felt we needed one. By putting so many demands on my brother to be perfect, he took away his freedom to think, feel, to take risks, and to be his true self. This was a form of the Poisonous Pedagogy (Bradshaw 7) that Bradshaw talks about. â€Å"Children are considered ‘good when they think and behave the way they are taught to think and behave† (Bradshaw 7). This was exactly my dad’s way of thinking. He drilled that into us as children. I think my dad really meant well and wanted us to succeed in life. Even though he drilled this success talk into us, he was still kind and did always encourage us and tell us good things about ourselves. One way he demonstrated this was every morning he would wake me up and sing these words to me â€Å"Hey did you happen to see the most beautiful girl in the world (Charlie Rich)†. It’s funny, I find myself singing to my boys in the morning, and sometimes they get so irritated, just like I used to. I bet someday they will sing to their children in the morning. My mom was really a great mom. She went on all the field trips during my elementary school days. I was always so proud because she was really pretty, and all the boys wanted to sit next to her on the bus during the field trips. She was a hard worker. She worked at the walnut factory during walnut season, often working 10-hour days, and seven days a week. All the while, she would get up early to make us breakfast, and to be sure we had everything we needed for school that day. She was not perfect though. When things would get crazy, and we would argue and fight as most kids do, she would often threaten to leave town and run away. Sometimes she would tell us to go ahead and kill each other or ask us how we would like it if we lived in an orphanage. She would then leave to her room to escape and go lay down. It worked when we were little, but after a few years, we knew that was mom’s way of saying enough. She would often say â€Å"you guys are driving me crazy; you are going to put me in the nuthouse!† I do not think Bradshaw would say that these were effective ways of communicating he would refer to these as â€Å"cause and effect distortions† (Bradshaw 56). This simply means that her statement about driving her crazy is wrong, it is impossible to â€Å"drive† someone crazy. It was, however, better than beating us. One of my favorite memories of my mom is how she would tuck us in every night at bedtime, kiss us softly on the forehead and say our prayers with us; this made me feel so loved and safe. Growing up I could tell my mom anything, and she would not lecture me, she usually just quietly listened. Even though my mother had an ineffective way of communicating, we did end up having a wonderful relationship and became the best of friends. I moved a few hours away from my parents and my mom, and I still would talk on the phone every other day or so. Until she passed away, my mom never missed any of my boys first days of school or any of their sporting events. My younger brother Bobby was the cutest little boy ever created. He actually looked like a little cherub, with blond loose curly hair, big blue eyes, long eyelashes and dimples. My little brother was cute for a reason. That guy could find trouble like no one else and get out of it because of his charming cuteness. We used to joke that he must be like a cat and have nine lives, he was always getting hurt. I spent a lot of time bandaging him up. Now that I look back, I think he was always trying to keep up or compete with his older brother, going full force, not thinking about the consequences of his actions. Bobby was magnetic, and everyone loved him. Bobby did grow up feeling like second best and used to confide in me that he felt like the black sheep of the family. I can see how my dads dysfunctional obsessed relationship with my older brother made him feel that way, for I used to feel the same way too. I do believe that Bradshaw would probably say that Bobby was acting out the scapegoat role (Bradshaw 33), trying to get attention any way he could. Bobby went through some rough patches in his lifetime but with therapy and a lot of hard work, he was able to get straightened out and found his true identity. He still enjoyed living life on edge but this time it wasnt because he wanted my fathers approval or disapproval. He lived life with joy and for himself. Sadly, my brother passed away two years ago while on a mission trip for an orphanage in Mexico. He was struck while riding his motorcycle head-on by a watermelon truck. I can definitely say that in his last few years, he loved life and lived it well and to its fullest. I was the classic middle child. I spent a lot of my time trying to make everyone happy and keeping the peace. I was the middle child just as Bradshaw described, â€Å"Second children naturally relate to the emotional maintenance needs of the system† (Bradshaw 35). I could always sense what people in my family needed, and it made me feel good to help. When my brother would get in trouble with my dad he would call me to help patch things over. I could always tell when my mom needed a shopping or lunch date to vent about her frustrations with dad. I could usually cheer my family up or make things better. I was and still am an eternal optimist. I was tall, thin and tomboyish growing up. I was often told that someday, when I grew up and into those long legs, I would be beautiful. Heck, I wanted to be beautiful now! Oh well, I was good at sports and enjoyed playing whatever was in season with my brothers. All of us enjoyed trying to out run, jump and play the others. There was always some sort of friendly competition going on. I played softball on a team one year and really enjoyed it. My moms friend signed me up and took me to all the practices and games. We won first place that year. My mom worked a lot during softball season, but she still was able to make it to most of my games. Sadly; my dad never came to any of them. I have no idea why I didnt play after that one year, I really liked playing softball. I think because by that time most of my parent’s free time was consumed with my dad and older brothers new interest in dirt bikes and racing. They traveled to different towns to race on the weekends. I enjoyed it sometimes but most of the time I stayed with my grandma. The time I spent with her was a blessing. She would read to me every night. She taught me my time tables, how to make yummy pies and most importantly she told me that I was special. My grandma taught me that God loves everyone the same, no matter who you are or what you d o. She took me to church on Sundays, where I learned other valuable lessons. I learned to be forgiving and how to treat others. I truly believe that everyone should grow up with that kind of love. The kind that you know you can do or be anything, and if you fail you are still special, loved and welcome. I know Bradshaw would have given my grandma an A for helping me to create solid self-esteem in myself. She allowed me the freedom to be me, the freedom to choose, feel, and take chances. No matter what, she would love me for being me. Bradshaw lists the five freedoms and says, â€Å"These freedoms amount to full self-esteem and self-integration† (Bradshaw and Satir 53). This means that when a person is free to be themselves without fear of persecution or rejection they will feel good about themselves and be able to relate to others and the world in a better way. Instead of attending the small farm town elementary school down the road from where I grew up, my parents chose for my brothers and I to be bused to a brand new cultural arts school in the middle of a predominantly African-American neighborhood. At first, it was kind of strange being one of the only few little white girls in class, but it didn’t take long before I fit right in. During that period in time, in the early 70s, integration in schools was being encouraged and my parents thought that we would get a well-rounded education at this new school. My parents sincerely did a considerable job in instilling the importance of a good education in us kids. I got a great education there and learned about many different cultures, which was truly interesting. I also became close friends with a diverse group of people. I graduated high school in 1985 and moved with some friends to Lompoc, California. We held many odd jobs like babysitting and working in clothing stores. The most interesting was our job at a celery packing plant. We were the only two English-speaking people in the plant besides the boss. I learned a lot from those women there, especially about good Mexican food. I ended up moving back home and my parents were pretty happy about that. A week or so later my dad introduced me to my younger brothers best friend, he said, â€Å"Hey Chris, I would like you to meet your future husband.† Oh, my gosh, Yea right! I wanted to kill my dad, how embarrassing. There was no way I was ever going to date a guy younger than me, not cool. He was kind of cute, and after a few months of this guy hanging around staring at me, I decided to ask him out on a date. A year later we were married. My dad may be kind of corny, but he is pretty cool in my eyes for knowing that Lee was the guy for me. My husband Lee is a very patient, kind and loving man. He understands me and allows me to be my true self. We bring out the best in each other. I grew up into a confident, positive, mature person with solid self-esteem. â€Å"The mature person is emotionally free and can choose to move near without anger or absorption, and move away without guilt† (Bradshaw 44). I do feel that I am bonded to my family, yet free to be myself and have my own identity. It did take some work to get over some of the resentment that I had toward my father and older brother. I have a great relationship with both now. And my mom was my best friend up until she passed away twelve years ago from brain cancer. My mom and dad set an amazing example of how to love each other and how to work through problems and not ever give up or never go to bed mad. I do believe that no family is perfect. All people are flawed. Therefore, all families are flawed. I do agree with Bradshaw in that love is a decision, and it takes work and good communication to make a functional marriage. â€Å"A good relationship is based on committed love. It’s not some maudlin feeling-it’s a decision† (Bradshaw 51). I married my best friend, Lee, when I was 21. We have three loving, talented, and well-adjusted sons. After reading Bradshaw on: the Family, I see now that my family growing up was a bit dysfunctional. My parents never elaborated on how they were raised. They never spoke ill words about their parents so I am not sure of the dysfunction they may have experienced in growing up. I am pleased with the way I turned out and still have fond memories of my â€Å"Happy Days† family. Works Cited Bradshaw, John. Bradshaw on the Family: A New Way of Creating Solid Self-esteem. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, 1996. Print. Rich, Charlie. The Most Beautiful Girl. Charlie Rich. Rec. Dec. 1973. Sun Records, 1973. Vinyl recording. Satir, Virginia. Conjoint Family Therapy. 3rd ed. Palo Alto: Science and Behavior, 1983. Print.

Black Americans Essay -- American History

Black Americans Black Americans are those persons in the United States who trace their ancestry to members of the Negroid race in Africa. They have at various times in United States history been referred to as African, coloured, Negro, Afro-American, and African-American, as well as black. The black population of the United States has grown from three-quarters of a million in 1790 to nearly 30 million in 1990. As a percentage of the total population, blacks declined from 19.3 in 1790 to 9.7 in 1930. A modest percentage increase has occurred since that time. Over the past 300 and more years in the United States, considerable racial mixture has taken place between persons of African descent and those with other racial backgrounds, mainly of white European or American Indian ancestry. Shades of skin colour range from dark brown to ivory. In body type black Americans range from short and stocky to tall and lean. Nose shapes vary from aquiline to extremely broad and flat; hair colour from medium brown to brown black; and hair texture from tightly curled to limp and straight. Historically, the predominant attitude toward racial group membership in the United States has been that persons having any black African ancestry are considered to be black. In some parts of the United States, especially in the antebellum South, laws were written to define racial group membership in this way, generally to the detriment of those who were not Caucasian. It is important to note, however, that ancestry and physical characteristics are only part of what has set black Americans apart as a distinct group. The concept of race, as it applies to the black minority in the United States, is as much a social and political concept as a biological one. Blacks Under Slavery: 1600-1865 The first Africans in the New World arrived with Spanish and Portuguese explorers and settlers. By 1600 an estimated 275,000 Africans, both free and slave, were in Central and South America and the Caribbean area. Africans first arrived in the area that became the United States in 1619, when a handful of captives were sold by the captain of a Dutch man-of-war to settlers at JAMESTOWN. Others were brought in increasing numbers to fill the desire for labour in a country where land was plentiful and labour scarce. By the end of the 17th century, approximately 1,300,000 Africans had landed in the New World... ...r education for blacks, and for the first time black students began to appear in colleges that had previously been all white. In the 1970s the percentage of blacks attending college increased markedly, but in the 1980s blacks lost ground. Although desegregation of the public schools in the South proceeded slowly for the first decade after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, by 1969 school districts in every state were at least in token compliance with the 1954 ruling. By that time all forms of de jure segregation had been struck down by the courts. De facto school segregation continued, however, in large part because the communities the schools served were segregated in their residential patterns. This was particularly true in large urban areas and more prevalent in the North than in the South. One method adopted to overcome such segregation was to bus children across school district lines in order to achieve racial balance in the schools. This caused major controversy and led to instances of violent opposition . The overwhelming majority of black children now attend formally integrated schools, although they may have little contact with white pupils even within the schools.

Non governmental organizations

Non-government organizations are organizations that are not controlled by government and are non profit making. Their purpose is to provide a service or object in which they are formed for they offer social welfare services to workers and communities in which they operate they play a major role in the society because they determine family structures, family relation and also the education system that would produce effective man power for them and others. NGO, s has control over political power nationality and even power over borders. (Steve. Witt. (2005)They also contribute to the needs of the poor, deals with issues of the religion in a given area and hence impact heavily on the attitude and values that a given community adapts to. NGO, s helps in the contribution of the humanitarian affairs that serve the communities interests. NGO, s also deals with national and multilateral policy making and even local actions, .NGO, s provides employment to the citizens and assist in matters of dividing international authority, help to research, assess, report and publicize details on behalf of those accountable to them. (K.Rodman, (1998).They also deal with stability and security issues. Most non-government doesn’t depend heavily on the government for funding but the government may assist them partially with funds. They thus do not involve government representative within their organization and they also don't involve them in their decision making process.AREAS OF INEFFECTIVENESS, UNACCOUTABILITY AND   Ã‚  Ã‚   ELITIST NATURE OF NGO, SNon-governmental organizations are supposed to be effective on their objectives and also accountable to those they serve. However, this non government organization have increasingly failed by being unaccountable to those they are supposed to work for, they have continually been ineffective in their performance and they have adapted to elitist nature whereby they segregate themselves from others and only work for their own selfish in terest and for the interest of those whose status they consider important to their affairs and has influential power that makes them be treated preferentially this attitude can be termed as a mechanism of elite capture. (Steve. Witt. (2005) â™ «The ineffectiveness, the unaccountability and the elitist nature of NGO, s is evident among much renowned organization and this can be seen to be true when one assesses their performance with regard to the current debate on good governance and civil society. (K.Rodman, (1998).Roles of good governanceThe current debate on good governance and civil society emphasizes on peace building, democratization, quality leadership, responsibility and proper civil institutions. NGO, s should assist in helping in peace building in countries in which they are situated, they should be involved in the resolving existing issues in the country for example by  Ã‚   helping to find solutions to a countries conflicting issues when they arise, mediating disput ing groups when there are ethnic tensions caused by political instability, coming up with measures that will reduce tribalism, nepotism and corruption, help in recovering the economy when the country is experiencing economic depression, assisting the needy   in their surrounding environment for example when natural disaster arise such as flood, earthquake ,terrorist attacks among others, Stabilizing political turmoil being experienced in that particular country and many other issues. (K.Rodman, (1998).However, the current non-government organization do not engage themselves with this issues on the contrary instead of doing this, the NGO, s have left this in the ruin of government and civil societies. Non-governmental organizations have also in some instances contributed to peace downfall by supporting one side of the worrying groups rather than being neutral. They tend to favor that group that have influential power and assumes those who are less powerful.This has made them to be unaccountable and untrustworthy and cannot be depended upon by both the government and the members of the societies who would have otherwise depended on them. The management allows political influences when making decisions which imposes a negative impact to all the organization stakeholders and employees who oppose the decision on the basis that they are not consulted and. this causes conflicts, lots of job turn over, redundancy and withdrawal and this leads to job inefficiency. (K.Rodman, (1998).They have been ineffective with regards to matters of enhancing democratization. This is because they have indulged in politics funding complains and supporting certain politicians who have influence upon them and this has contributed heavily in the reduction of democracy as they do not play their role as pressure group to pressurize the government to observe democracy.Non governmental organization have also been ineffective to help in matters of maturation of nation’s policy and ec onomy other than participating in development and transformations, this organizations involve in the achievement of their own interest that is; what will benefit them other than what will be beneficial to all who are accountable to them, they pursue their own goals without incorporating the objectives of government and civil societies and this leads to lack of goals commonality hence retarding the government policies such as poverty and illiteracy eradication.LeadershipLeadership and quality management are important for any country or institution to have good governance. Non governmental organization are poorly managed because of lack of qualified staff because the recruitment of workforce is based not on technical competence and merit, but on favoritism and thus the management have no proper management skills, the employees under such management thus work with a lot of skepticism and heavy opposition and most of them resist changes and all the rules that the management enforces and this leads to difficulties in implementation of proper practices, policies and procedures that are fundamental in developing strategies that ensures that organizations objectives are met. (K.Rodman, (1998).This also has led to poor selection of policies and allocation of resources. The leadership style in current non-governmental organization is that of authoritative and bureaucratic which ignores human elements due to impersonality of interpersonal relations. This style of leadership imposes rules, norms and procedures to be followed. The leaders make decisions and demands everyone to follow, they do not allow the other members of staff to be involved when making decisions and they harshly react when the rules they enforces are not properly followed this causes slow development, work delays, inefficiency and frustrations to citizens, employees and any other stakeholders and this reduces the effectiveness of NGO, s as a whole. (Carrie Meyer, (1999),Corruption eradication is a key i ssue in good governance especially in Africa. . NGO, s are faced with issues of corruption where they demands bribery to assist in matters they were supposed to deliver to the citizens without demanding any form of payment and this makes them unaccountable to those who rightfully depended on their services. (sH.Englund, (2004) There’s also a lot of misappropriation of funds and lack of proper fund management. This causes inadequate funding leading to shortage of resources to implement their policies and this can also eventually lead to the liquidation of the organization. When organization funds are mismanaged it causes serious implications, which makes the organization unaccountable and inefficient, which leads them to a step back to transparency and accountability. This vice has passed on to civil societies and government at large.Environmental issuesNGO, s engages in activities that are harmful to the surrounding environment. This is by social unethical and unaccountable a ctivities. For example, they may engage in activities that involves emissions of exhaustive gases that pollute the environment or even have technological machinery that produce disturbing noises around the environment they are situated in.They often do not take   proper measures and responsibility   to eradicate this implication arguing that since they are a non profit making organizations, members of the communities should take care of their environment and the fact that they are in needs of the organizations   services   they should allow them to deliver them respectfully without dealing with environmental issues. This causes negative impacts to the community and it has hampered the life of the society and animals especially where there is water and air pollution. They can be termed as negligence of the virtue of accountability to the society.( K.Rodman, (1998).NGO, s has turned into a mechanism of elite capture. They tend to involve only the elite in formulation of their policies. (H.Englund, (2004) There is lack of representation of civil society as a whole and the marginalized social movements are sidelined. Regional consultative of African non-governmental organizations, s and civil society organization lay foundation for the governance forum stressed on role of women in leadership. It has been observed that there is evident gender inequality within these organizations.Few non government organizations in Africa have observed this as few women are employed or hold decision making positions in management of NGO, s. the elites in NGO, s have various skills that they can utilize in government running but they are trapped in the NGO, s. in addition, instead of involving the locals to do various jobs they subcontract them. (Carrie Meyer, (1999),NGO, s has been ineffective because of selective area of operations. They concentrate in certain areas than the others. This makes those sidelined areas not to enjoy their operations. The NGO, s may not operate in certain areas that have poor infrastructure, lack of effective communications and lack of technology. This has led to unequal distribution of resources. The NGO, s have not helped in establishment of proper running civil institutions and instead they leave this role to the government  ConclusionIn order to ensures that non-governmental organizations work effectively and successfully there is need to ensure that there is interactions of workers, formal and informal groups, government itself and any other influential factors to the organization. Democratic involvement by this organization should be considered as it is equally and critically important in enhancing the effectiveness of this organization. (Carrie Meyer, (1999),   They should be committed to implement their services to all interested stakeholders successfully.They should also avoid favoritism and avoid authoritative leadership and adapt to other ways of leading that will bring about motivation and morale of workers in the organization. Non governmental organizations should also ensure that they take responsibility and take the necessary actions required of them when their activities imposes harm to the surrounding environment. (Steve. Witt. (2005) They should also ensure that all non-governmental organizations are effective, efficient and accountable and are not expressed as mechanism of elitist capture. References:l   Steve. Witt. (2005). Changing roles of NGO, s in the creation.l   Sangeeta Kamat. (2002), development hegemony, American university pressl   Carrie Meyer, (1999), The economics and politics of NGO, s in Latin American; praeger publisher.l   Maha abreirahman, (2004), the politics of NGO, s in Egypt; the American university press 5H.Teegen(2003) international NGO, s as global institution; Journals of international managementl   K.Rodman, (1998). Think globally; vol 12l   Daniel .a. Bell and Jean Marc (2004) university pressl   H.Englund, (2004), prisoners of freedom ; human rights and Africa poor.l   S, Goonahlak, (2006). Journal, foreign fundedl   Lyal.s.Sunga, (2003), NGO, s involvement in international human rights monitoring

Macroeconomics – Competition with China and India

The phenomenon of rapid economic growth in China and India is often discussed within the frameworks of is possible threat to the global world economy. Recent forums dedicated to financial issues, as well as the major increase of the numbers of papers in the economic press (FT, Business Week etc.) especially since stock markets in China took a major hit end of February, show that â€Å"China has gone from being interesting to being important† (Business Week, March 2007) also for investors and not only for economy. The prospective future seems to be at hand. There is nothing to worry about. However, historical European countries such as Germany and France are not disposed to overoptimistic conclusions – neither historically, nor politically. The general balance of risks and perspectives inclines towards favorable economic situation. However, the situation is not as optimistic as it seems to be. The US Treasury Secretary also considers that the countries should double their efforts. It is necessary to continue the implementation of tax reforms, to favor the development of industries and formation of appropriate labor force market, and to make the heading policy more flexible. These remarks are obviously addressed to China and India. Besides, the U.S. government worries about China’s â€Å"military modernization program, economic dynamism, expanded diplomatic influence across Asia and increased global search for energy resources†. So, what is going on? The answer might be quite simple. Last year the world economic system faced a ‘silent revolution’. For the first time in the history China and India became the subjects of the world economy. Twenty years ago the world had no slightest idea of the Chinese and Indian economies. The China’s share in the worldwide GDP exceeded no 1 per cent. It was actually lost in the categories like ‘mistakes and omissions’. However, in result of rapid economic growth (average 9% per year) China became the sixth largest national economy making the total of about 6% of the world’s GDP. Last year the industrial world could feel the ‘hot breath’ of Chinese economic dragon. According to the absolute majority of analysts, the growth of Chinese domestic and foreign demand became one of the main factors contributing to cost increase for raw materials and semi-manufactured goods all over the world. China and India have strong economy and almost no flexibility. Moreover, it is difficult to define the exact share of China and India in the world economy due to so-called controlled and non-marketable sector. The countries occupy a leading position by such indexes like the most preferable countries for initial investments, the most preferable offshore zones for location of the offshore enterprises and manufactures, and the most preferable zone for IT services attraction and utilization. Compared to other huge markets of the developing countries, the entrepreneurs find China and India more attractive markets both in the short-term and the long-term perspectives, leaving such countries like Brazil, Mexico, and Poland far behind. The countries present two completely different markets. Whereas China is known as the leading manufacturer and the most rapidly growing consumer goods market, India is the largest supplier of IT services and the leader in business processes outsourcing. India’s market is oriented towards the long-term perspective. The investors prefer China because of the market size, access to export opportunities, numerous initiatives countenance by the governments, moderate working expenses, proper infrastructure and favorable macroeconomic climate. The India offers the following: well trained labor force, talented management personnel, the supremacy of the legislative authorities, transparency of business transactions, cultural similarities and favorable business climate. Since 2002, when Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji traveled to India’s political, commercial and tech capitals, China and India started improving ties, not just for trade but for economic cooperation. What are the threats to the global economy?[U1]   China and India became the ‘economic knot’ of the entire Asian region. Therefore, cost reduction of labor force on a global scale is one of the main threats to the global economy. In result, the products, where labor force is one of the main components of expenses will also become cheaper. Another way of putting it is that one shouldn’t think to locate the routine labor intensive manufacture outside the country with hundreds million people satisfied with 1-2 dollars rate per hour. On contrary, the countries assigning a specialization to industry involving high-skill jobs expect to derive benefit from the situation. The additional expenses are also expected by raw material exporters. Last, but not least, expanding ties between India and China would help the latter to benefit from India’s experience in the World Trade Organization to move from mass manufacturing of inexpensive goods to more sophisticated bus inesses. India and China are set to overtake even the strongest market forces in the world.   The rapidly growing manufacturing units and consumer goods markets of China, and the strong IT services and BPO industry of India has seemed to be huge boosts to domestic the economies.   Soon India would lead the IT industry market in the world and China would dominate the manufacturing industry in the World.   Several global giants are actually setting up back-end offices and manufacturing hubs in these two Asian nations. The markets in India are growing at the rate of about 30 % every year, and about 44 % of the global outsourcing business is actually based in India.   India has been able to dominate the global outsourcing business as it has several education institutions producing well-trained professionals.   Besides, they are able to speak English and can effectively communicate with their western counterparts.   On the other hand, China is known for its labor-oriented workforce and infrastructure abilities that would be a suitable plus point for the manufacturing industry.   Earlier, the strong markets of the world were actually ignoring the markets of India and China.   However, considering the rapid growth, these markets cannot henceforth ignore India and China. These two counties still offer huge amount of opportunities, which until now have remained untapped.   Today markets are growing in those areas where a great proportion of the human population exists.   Although, there may be several obstacles in the path of growth and development for the Indian and the Chinese markets, it does seem definite that these two countries would grow further.   There would also be demand in the international market for cost-effective and skilled labor.   Both, India and China have taken a lot risks, and for now at least, these risks are paying huge dividends (Money Week, 2005, ZD Net, 2007, & Schaaf, 2005). References: Schaaf, J. (2005), Outsourcing to India: Crouching tiger set to pounce, [Online], Available: site: http://www.dbresearch.com/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_EN-PROD/PROD0000000000192125.pdf, [Accessed: 2007, September 10]. The Money Week (2005), Underground threats to the global economy, [Online], Available: site: http://www.moneyweek.com/file/25075/underground-threats-to-the-global-economy.html, [Accessed: 2007, September 10]. ZD Net (2007), China and India set to lead global innovation, [Online], Available: site: http://news.zdnet.co.uk/emergingtech/0,1000000183,39287977,00.htm,  [Accessed: 2007, September 10].  [U1] Please do develop this conclusion.

Mixed Blood essays

Mixed Blood essays The question of race has been a long debated topic that still has not been answered. Jeffrey Fish embraces this issue in his writing entitled, "Mixed Blood." The document opens by proposing the question of "What is race?", then breaking it down into smaller factions. The two lesser questions that are formed instead are: "How can we understand the variation in physical appearance among human beings? How can we understand the kinds of racial classifications applied to differences in physical appearance among human beings?" The preliminary hypothesis determined is that race is a myth and does not really exist. Yet, Fish chooses to expand on various possibilities that may lead to other conclusions. Over the millenniums, evolution of man has been slow, but very significant. Through different means of mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift, the human species has come to numerous modifications. Although, the concept of genetic drift is what intrigues the minds of most individuals. The concept of adaptive value seems to appear as a major role in physical differences. For instance, the first settlers of the New World all had different characteristics depending on the environment they lived in. Those that stayed further North, such as the Eskimos, usually had short, rounded bodies with light faces. These features were developed due to the weather. The rounded figures were to help insulate their bodies and as a result of little or no sunlight the skin color of these people were often very light. In contrast to this are the settlements of cultures South near the Equator. Indians from Central America to South America held dark complexions and thin frames as a result from the exposure to intense heat. For these reasons a consistent biological approach can not be assessed on terms of skin color or body size. Rather now we have simply broken the human species into three distinctions of Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negr...

How to Create a Homeschooling Lifestyle

How to Create a Homeschooling Lifestyle Academics are a vital  aspect of homeschooling. However, we homeschooling parents need to avoid the trap of becoming  overly focused on them and on trying to recreate a traditional classroom setting. Doing so can cause us to  lose sight of what a gift it is to have the  freedom  to homeschool our children. Home educating doesn’t mean that we bring school home. Instead, it means that we incorporate learning into our everyday lives until it becomes an extension of our family life. Try these simple tips to put the home  in your schooling. 1. Snuggle up together to read – even if you’re all reading different books. It doesn’t matter if you’re reading books for school or books for fun, if you’re reading aloud or everyone has their own book – snuggle up to read together! A bed or couch is a perfect, year-round snuggle spot. A blanket in the back yard makes a stress-relieving warm weather book nook. Move the blanket near the fireplace or heater for a cozy cold weather spot. 2. Bake together. Baking together provides opportunities for younger kids to practice real-life math applications (such as adding and subtracting fractions), following directions, and basic kitchen chemistry. It allows older students to learn home-making skills in a real-world context. Baking together creates  discussion time for kids of all ages. It also helps your entire family to bond and create memories together. 3. Learn alongside each other. You don’t have to fumble your way through algebra or chemistry. Take the course with your students and learn together. This shows your kids shows them that learning never stops. 4. Discover family hobbies. Discovering activities that you all enjoy doing together builds family relationships .It also  provides additional  learning opportunities. For older kids, family hobbies may even translate to elective credits for high school. 5. Take family field trips. It’s fun to go on field trips with your homeschool group, but don’t forget about family-only field trips. The kids often learn more because they’re not distracted by friends. Family field trips also provide the non-teaching parent a chance to get involved with what the kids are learning. 6. Involve the non- teaching parent in real, practical ways. Let Dad (or Mom) do something besides ask, â€Å"What did you learn in school today?† Let the parent who isnt the primary teacher do science experiments or art class on the weekends or in the evenings. Let him read aloud to the kids in the evenings. Ask him to teach them to change the oil in the car, cook a favorite meal, or set up an Excel spreadsheet. Be aware of practical opportunities for homeschool dads (or moms) to be involved based on their talents and your family’s needs. 7. Allow character training to take place over academics. There comes a time in every homeschooling family’s life when character training needs your focus. It’s a time when you need to put the books aside and give your attention to the issue at hand. The books will still be there tomorrow or next week or next month. 8. Involve your children in your everyday life. Don’t overlook the educational value of everyday activities such as grocery shopping, running errands, or voting. Take your children with you. Don’t feel that school has to be a completely separate part of your day. 9. Don’t consider life events a disruption to school. At some point, most families will face life events such as a death, a birth, moving, or an illness. These are not disruptions to learning. They are opportunities to learn and grow together as a family. 10. Be involved in your community. Look for ways to get involved in your community as a family. Serve in the local soup kitchen. Volunteer at the library. Work in local politics.   Homeschooling families need to understand that learning happens all the time. We need to embrace these moments,  instead of seeing them as a disruption to school.   Dont miss the opportunities that are all around you to put the home in your schooling.

Asian performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Asian performance - Essay Example The stiffs’ tapes are Puramvaal, Ulluvaal, Pattuval. The Kacha forms the bulky skirt of the artist. Costume of Kathaakali entails colorful and ornate vests, anklets and jewelry completes and mainly preserves the culture. The prominent music played is Manipravalam. Narrations of the story and the conversations amidst two characters of the play are carried out through gestures expression and rhythmic dancing. The songs are sung on the background, usually by two vocalists. Two drums called Chenda and corresponding maddalam are provided for the music, Cymbals and other instruments are associated in the orchestra. Kathakali performances are conducted after dark but sometimes-special plaayya were played in very early morning. The main reason why kathakali was being performed was to entertain people after the long period work. It was also meant to pass the peoples tradition from one generation to the next Before someone acts the Kathakali, he has to go a rigorous training lasting 8-10 years. The long training period ensures that the actors have the full concentration and physical stamina and male actors played the skill to perform. Traditionally, Kathakali used to dress like woman and played the character, but eventually with time, female participation in Kathakali has become very common. Kathakali is a stylish, ancient and classical dancing form well known for its large costumes and elaborate make-ups. It can be described as a powerfully charged drama and a combination of dance, devotion, drama, music, make up’s and costumers which aims in producing the most impressive sacred theatre in the